Understanding low milk supply

For many breastfeeding mums, one of the most common concerns is whether their baby is getting enough milk. It’s completely normal to worry about low milk supply, but in most cases, your body is able to produce exactly what your baby needs. However, if you're struggling with a genuine low supply, understanding the causes and solutions can help ease your mind and guide you through this challenge.

Is your milk supply actually low?

Before jumping to conclusions, it's important to know that many mums mistakenly believe their supply is low when it isn’t. Babies often go through growth spurts, cluster feeding, or fussy periods, which can make it seem like they’re not getting enough. Here are some signs that your baby is actually getting plenty of milk:

Signs your baby is getting enough milk

• They have around 6 or more wet nappies per day.

• They’re having regular bowel movements (at least 3 per day after the first week).

• Your baby is gaining weight consistently.

• They appear content and settled after most feeds.

If these signs are present, it's likely that your supply is just fine. However, if you’re still unsure, consulting a lactation consultant can help determine if there are any issues with your milk production.

---

Common causes of low milk supply

If you've determined that your milk supply may be low, it's important to understand what might be causing it. In most cases, low supply can be linked to one or more of the following factors:

Infrequent feeding or short breastfeeding sessions

Breastfeeding is based on supply and demand—the more your baby feeds, the more milk your body produces. If your baby isn’t feeding often enough or if they’re not staying on the breast long enough, your milk supply may decrease.

Latch or positioning issues

A poor latch can prevent your baby from effectively removing milk from the breast, signalling your body to produce less. If breastfeeding is painful, or your baby seems to struggle with latching, it’s worth seeking help from a lactation consultant to ensure proper positioning and latch.

Supplementing with formula

While formula can be necessary in some cases, supplementing without medical guidance can reduce your baby’s time at the breast. This can lead to a decrease in milk supply, as your body won’t get the signals it needs to produce more milk.

Maternal health factors

Certain health conditions, such as thyroid problems, hormonal imbalances, or a history of breast surgery, can affect milk production. If you suspect an underlying health issue is affecting your supply, it’s important to speak with your healthcare provider.

How to boost your milk supply

The good news is that, in most cases, low milk supply can be improved with a few adjustments. Here are some practical tips for boosting your production:

Feed more often

The more your baby feeds, the more milk your body is encouraged to make. Try to breastfeed every 2-3 hours, or more if your baby seems hungry. Night feeds are particularly important for milk production, as your prolactin levels are higher during this time. Try to feed at least every 4 hours overnight for the first couple of months.

Check the latch

If your baby isn’t latched on correctly, they may not be getting enough milk, which can lower your supply. A lactation consultant can assess your baby’s latch and suggest adjustments to make feeding more comfortable and effective.

Offer both breasts at each feed

Encourage your baby to nurse from both breasts during each feeding session. Once they finish one side, burp, then offer the other. This not only stimulates milk production on both sides but also ensures your baby is getting the richer hindmilk, which can help them feel fuller for longer.

Pump between feeds

Using a breast pump between breastfeeding sessions can help stimulate your milk production. Pumping for even a few minutes after feeding signals your body that more milk is needed. You can also try power pumping—pumping for 10 minutes on, 10 minutes off, for an hour—to give your supply an extra boost. You could try power pumping a couple of times a day.

Stay hydrated and well-nourished

Your body needs plenty of fluids and calories to produce milk. Make sure you’re drinking enough water throughout the day and eating a balanced, nutrient-rich diet. Some mums find that specific foods or lactation supplements, like those containing fenugreek, fennel, brewer’s yeast, can help, but always consult your healthcare provider before trying new supplements.

You’re doing amazing

Breastfeeding can come with its challenges, but remember that every mum's journey is unique. Low milk supply doesn’t define your ability to nourish and care for your baby. With the right support and guidance, many mums can successfully increase their milk production and continue breastfeeding. And if you need to supplement or make other feeding choices, that’s okay too—you’re doing what’s best for your baby.